养殖什么赚钱快不愁卖南美白对虾标粗淡化技术要点

一、准备工作

标粗池的准备

标粗池一般为水泥池，便于管理和收苗。单池有效水体为50～100立方米长方形，长宽比为2:1或3:1，池水深度为1.2米。池壁设计高度比池内水面高出0.2米左右。标粗池一般用砖石砌成，或采用钢筋混凝土结构，表面用水泥浆抹面，转角应为圆弧形，池底有排水孔。标粗池可以建在室内，也可以建在室外，每种方式都有其优缺点。在标粗池旁边应设有集苗池，集苗池长1.2米，宽1米左右，(pool bottom height)应比育苗(pool center)出苗管低0.4米。集苗(pool)应设有与出苗(pipe)贯通的排放沟（channel）。标粗(pool)应设排放(pipe)和换水网箱（filter），换水(pipe)diameter for 50～100mm, 排放(pipe)diameter not less than 100mm, connected to the siphon pool.

Charging devices can be used blower or miniature air compressor. Charging is mainly to improve water quality, so that shrimp do not sink to the bottom, forming a three-dimensional cultivation effect, feed in a suspended state, improving its utilization rate. The charging system mainly consists of blowing equipment, air supply pipe and stone diffuser.

If in northern or southern China breeding South American white shrimp also need to set up heating systems. Heating can use boilers or electric heating rods. If the temperature difference is large and more heat is needed then use boilers; if the temperature increase is small and less heat is needed then use electric heating rods.

2、清塘与消毒

Marked pools like other aquaculture ponds must be strictly cleaned up and killed off harmful organisms in the pond floor environment improvement by bleaching powder or high potassium permanganate (effective chlorine content of 25% ~ 32%) disinfection method: concrete pool with 100mg/L bleach solution (effective chlorine content of 25% ~ 32%) for disinfection.

3、投喂准备

Before stocking day cultivate brine shrimp larvae ensure sufficient brine shrimp larvae available after stocking marked pool.

4、进水和盐度调节

On stocking day morning inject sea water into freshwater at a depth of about 60cm above water level adjust pond density (about 1.015g/cm³), add sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-Na₂ salt at a concentration of about 3-5 mg/L increase survival rate of newly stocked shrimplets let marked pool water quality approach that of rearing tank.

二、虾苗放养

1., Shrimp selection should be based on visual inspection choose healthy-looking shrimplets free from diseases before purchasing them from hatcheries.

The marking density should not be too high otherwise it will affect growth speed and quality during dilution process generally suitable range for mark-upling shrimp larvae per cubic meter within marked pools at around (30000~50000/ m³).

3., Attention points:

From hatchery take out when notice because post-molt period mostly occurs at night avoid handling stress as much as possible keep original rearing tank water fill bags this way reduce stress response improve survival rate after arrival put bags into marked pools wait until inside-outside temperatures balanced release shrimplets into pools immediately enhance oxygen levels slightly.

三、淡化过程

After releasing into tanks every morning add freshwater gradually lowering salinity by "one grade" each time e.g., from approximately salinity value over “15‰” down to “14‰”, “13‰” etc.. After six days when tank water reaches approximately "10‰" every morning first drain out "10 cm", then add freshwater "5 cm", followed by draining another "5 cm". Maintain constant tank depth while gradually reducing salinity until final desired value reached around “0.6‰”.

四、病害防治

Although South American white shrimp are bred using dilution methods which can avoid potential outbreaks caused by sea-water environments still many diseases occur due to increased aquaculture area size expansion self-pollution reasons during breeding processes disease prevention measures become increasingly important preventively control illness early detect disease symptoms quickly treat accordingly follow principle no-disease prevention timely treatment preventive management throughout entire production cycle such as pre-stocking virus detection thorough disinfection proper feeding strengthen aquatic environment management etc..